Study History notes on Dictatorships in Europe: Mussolini and Hitler for Secondary. Useful for revision, homework, and exam preparation in Zimbabwe.
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5.DICTATORSHIPS IN EUROPE THE EMERGENCY OF DICTATORSHIP AFTER WORLD WAR ONE IN ITALY AND GERMANY 1918-1939 BENITO AMILCARE ANDREA MUSSOLINI (BENITO MUSSOLINI) - Mussolini was born on 29 July 1883 and died on 28 April 1945 at the age of 61. - He was the head of government of Italy from 24 December 1925 to 25 July 1943. - Besides being a dictator, he was once a novelist, teacher and journalist. - He led the National Fascist party and has been credited with being one of the key architects/figures in the creation of fascism. - He was the dictator of Italy from 1930 to 1943, having destroyed all political opposition through his secret police and having outlawed workers to go on strike. FACTORS BEHIND MUSSOLINI'S RISE - Inflation - High unemployment - General discontent resulting from the peace settlement (VERSAILLES). - Use of propaganda made him appear a success. - Use of violence and crime. - Weak coalition governments. - Use of intimidation - Fear of communism. - Unpopularity of the Italian government. - Oratory abilities. - Poverty - Strikes - Hunger and starvation. SOCIAL PROBLEMS IN ITALY BETWEEN 1918 AND 1922 - Hunger and starvation. - Unemployment - The south was primitive and poor. - High illiteracy (78\%) - No social security in industry. - Common urban poverty. - Crime very common. - Rampant corruption. - Prostitution. - Domestic Violence. ECONOMIC PROBLEMS IN ITALY