Study Biology notes on Cells structure and Organisation for O-Level. Useful for revision, homework, and exam preparation in Zimbabwe.
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1. Cells structure and Organisation
1.1 Plant Cells and Animal Cells:
Animal Cell
Plant Cell
Fig.1.0 Basic structures of an animal cell and a plant cell.
1. Cell wall:
- Porous.
- Permeable.
- Non-living structure made of cellulose.
2. Cell membrane/Plasma membrane
- Semi-permeable/Partially permeable(Only certain parts can pass through it and some aren't able).
3. Cytoplasm
- Contains cell organelles.
- Food substances.
- Mostly $\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}$.
4. Vacuole/Sap vacuole/Large central vacuole
- Mostly $\mathrm{H}_{2} \mathrm{O}$.
5. Nucleus
- Controls all activities of a cell.
6. Chloroplasts
- Contains green pigment called Chlorophyll which is important for doing Photosynthesis.
7. Differences between plant cells and animal cells
- Only plant cells have cell wall.
- Only plant cells have chloroplasts.
- Plant cells have a large central vacuole while some animal cells have small vacuoles and some doesn't have any.
- Plant cells have a regular shape while animal cells have irregular shape.
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